Knowledge Base

Physiology

Humans aren’t machines—we’re much more complicated. Exercise physiology involves changes in the body from exercise and rest.

From anaerobic threshold to environmental acclimatization, from FTP to PGC-1 alpha, we explore the science of human performance.

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Physiology > Exercise in Cold Weather

A cyclist rides a fat tire bike through a snowy forest.

Exercise in the Cold Pathway

Exercising in cold weather has a significant impact on our physiology—from breathing to metabolism to performance. In this Pathway, you’ll learn about the physiological and psychological effects of cold from renowned environmental physiologist Dr. Stephen Cheung and many other experts.

fat biking in the snow

How to Train in the Cold

We explore the physiological effects of training in the cold, from muscle damage to the increased caloric demands and how to stay warm.

cyclist races by with bare legs

Cold, Bare Legs Make You Dumb, Not Tough

We dig into the physiology behind pedaling in cold weather and offer up a few tips and tricks for dressing properly. Internationally renowned trainer Andy Pruitt and former pro Ted King add their own insights on the subject.